How to prevent post-disaster several common skin diseases?

After the earthquake as the normal order of life, health environment is destroyed, it is easy to make all kinds of disease outbreak, epidemic, therefore, we need to make every effort to the prevention of diseases after the earthquake, reducing the incidence of the disease, protecting the health of the population afflicted area.
The following may be triggered by some of the common skin diseases, make a brief introduction.

 

　　Infectious skin diseases

Including chicken pox, measles, scarlet fever, impetigo, ringworm and other types of skin.

 

　　Chickenpox

Pathogens for the chickenpox varicella - zoster virus, the disease mostly occurs in late winter, early spring season, through direct contact, droplet, airborne. Virus by mouth, nose and invaded the human body, first within the upper respiratory tract proliferation, and then into the blood resulting viremia, causing damage to the skin and mucous membrane disease. The incubation period is about 2 weeks, contagious, 90% of the patient's age "10 years old, the peak for the 6 to 9 years old, but can occur at any age.

 

A typical 24 hours before the rash appears can present prodromal symptoms, such as low-grade fever, malaise, anorexia and so on. Rash Features: ① a red rash or maculopapular rash occurs in batches, quickly developed into a clear, and round, filling the small blisters, surrounded by flush subsequent blister contents into a muddy, herpes for 3 to 5 days, and then began to dry from the center shrinking rapidly scab. Rash appeared one after another in batches, it also shows papules, old and new blisters, and crusting; ② rash distribution is to the heart and mind, head, face, trunk more, fewer limbs, accompanied by itching; ③ oral mucosa and other parts can also be rash. After the chickenpox virus, scab disappears, so the period from infection until 24 hours before the rash scab lesions, about 7 ~ 8 days. May be complicated by damage to the nervous system, skin infections, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, myocarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, arthritis and to the testes Yandeng situation.

 

Attention to disinfection and isolation. No complications of chickenpox may be given antiviral drugs or the heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs taken orally, skin rashes attention to anti-itching and preventing secondary skin infections. Sick child can be cropped fingernails, wearing gloves even mean to prevent scratches; disinfectant wipe bath, local or systemic use of anti-itch sedatives. If complications should be handled by professional medical staff.

 

　　Measles

Caused by the measles virus Measles is a highly infectious acute infectious disease. With measles is the only source of infection, measles in children from exposure after 5 days to 5 days after rash are contagious, the virus present in the conjunctiva, nose, mouth, pharynx and tracheal secretions, etc., through sneezing, coughing and words such as by droplets. Susceptible contacts with more than 90% of all disease, l-5-year-old children with the highest incidence. The vast majority of babies can be obtained from the mother's placenta antibodies after birth from April to June there are passive immunity, and then gradually disappear.

 

A typical measles can be divided into the following four: 1, incubation period is generally 1-2 weeks. 2, also known as prodromal phase early rash, usually 3 to 4 days. The main manifestations of this phase is similar upper respiratory tract infection symptoms: ① fever, mostly moderate fever; ② cough, runny nose, tears, pharyngeal hyperemia, catarrhal symptoms, eye symptoms of acute inflammation of the conjunctiva, eyelid edema, tears, increased, sensitivity to light; ③ Koplik spots, in the hair 24 to 48 hours before the rash appears, to a diameter of about 1.0mm gray dots, outer red halo to begin only found in the buccal mucosa opposite the lower molar, but in one day is very fast increase in can affect the entire buccal mucosa and spread to the lip mucous membrane, mucous membrane eruption gradually disappeared after the rash appears can be left dark red dots. 3, the heat rash over a period of 3 to 4 days after the rash appears. A sudden increase in temperature to 40 ~ 40.5 ℃, rash began to sparse irregular red maculopapular rash, skin rash between the normal, only found in ears, neck, along the hairline edge, within 24 hours to develop, over the face, the trunk and upper limbs, the first 3 days rash involving the lower limb and foot, the condition often integration of serious skin rashes, skin edema, facial swelling deformation. Most rashes pressure of the fade, but there are those who appear petechia. Generalized lymph node enlargement and splenomegaly, and continued a few weeks, mesenteric lymph node swelling can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. Appendiceal mucosa can cause pathological changes of measles symptoms of appendicitis. Diseases, very often there is a view in particular by high fever delirium, irritability, and sleepiness, the majority of heat back away. 4, recovery rash 5 to 7 days after the rash began to subside, subside, when the same sequence with the rash; systemic poisoning symptoms also will be improved. Back rash, skin, leaving bran bran-like scaling and brown pigmentation.

 

May have bronchial pneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis, complications such as cardiovascular dysfunction.

Note that ventilation, make full use of sunlight or ultraviolet radiation disinfection. Found that patients with early separation. Generally, patients isolated from skin rash after 5 days, combined with pneumonia were extended to 10 days. Susceptible to measles should contact the quarantine observation of 3 weeks.

General treatment including attention to rest, the room to maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, there is photophobia symptoms in the room light should be soft, add water; to maintain the skin and mucous membrane cleaning. Available when a small amount of high fever, or drugs have antipyretic, secondary bacterial infection may be given antibiotics.

 

　　Scarlet

Scarlet fever is a group A β-hemolytic streptococcus caused by an acute infectious disease incidence in winter and spring the season for multiple. The source of infection is mainly of patients and carriers, multi-spread through droplets, but also through contaminated food, utensils and infection. Even by the wound penetrated the skin. More common in children, especially 2-8 year-old majority.

A typical clinical manifestations of incubation period is usually 2 to 5 days. Rapid onset, fever, body temperature, usually 38 ℃ ~ 39 ℃, in serious cases can reach 40 ℃ or above, infant-onset seizures, or delirium that may arise. Children with general malaise, sore throat and obvious influence on appetite. Pharynx and tonsil significant congestion, purulent secretions can also be found. Tongue red, swollen nipples, such as bayberry, Myrica rubra, said tongue. Neck and submandibular lymph node enlargement, with tenderness. Rash occurs in 24 hours or so quickly, initially found in the armpit, neck and groin, one day spread rapidly to the whole body. A typical rash of scarlet filled with a small tip size of papules, touch it like a coarse sand patterns. Flushing of skin rash between the fingers to press temporarily turn white. Cheek flushing without rash, pale skin around the mouth, saying that perioral pale ring. The skin creases, such as the armpits, elbows, groin, etc., rash intensive, color dark red, during which the size of the bleeding needle point, the formation of dark red "Pap sign." Oral mucous membrane is also visible rash, red, or bleeding. No. 1 weekend course scaling is a characteristic symptom of scarlet fever, first appeared in the face, times and trunk, and then to body and hand, foot and palm. Scaling the face, torso and hand, foot and large areas of peeling, showing glove, sock-like. The degree of the severity of scaling skin rash, is generally 2 to 4 weeks off the net, leaving no pigmentation. The total number of leukocytes and neutrophils increased.

Children with the acute phase should be in bed rest, older children with warm salt water gargle light. Diet with liquid, semi-liquid suitable, the skin kept clean. Chinese medicine treatment of mostly heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese Herbs, post-pay attention YangYinShengJin. Western medicine treatment of penicillin to treat scarlet fever and all the drugs of choice for streptococcal infection, those who are allergic to penicillin G is available erythromycin.

　　Impetigo

Commonly known as "yellow water sore," is an infectious purulent disease. Pathogens mainly Staphylococcus aureus, white staphylococcus, hemolytic streptococcus can also lead to infection. More common in summer and autumn, children vulnerable to this disease can also be found in adults, occur in the exposed area.

Beginning as a small red spot or papule, rapidly turned into blisters or pustules, surrounded by Yan Xing Hongyun, thin-walled blisters easy to break, break formed after the erosion surface, can be transmitted their own vaccination. Occur in the face, limbs and other exposed parts. Form a yellow scab pustules dry, crusts fall off without leaving any scar, may have a temporary pigmentation spots. May be complicated by lymphadenitis, severe cases can cause sepsis or acute nephritis.

The key to prevention of this disease is to observe good hygiene and disinfection of skin, clothing, tools, timely treatment of itching skin disease. The sick child should be isolated to prevent transmission, has been contaminated clothing, utensils should be disinfected line. Treatment with oral or topical antibiotics based.

　　Tinea

Skin psoriasis is a skin that occurs in the human body, caused by dermatophytes infection of an infection of the skin disease. According to the different parts is further divided into tinea cruris, tinea corporis, athlete's foot (ie athlete's foot), ringworm and other hands. Spring and summer due to hot and humid, so the incidence is higher.

Typical manifestation of the skin in different parts of the inflammatory erythema, gradually eccentric expansion, ring-shaped, peripheral uplift, was lace-like, edge visible papules and blisters. Can also be accompanied by partial impregnation, erosion, exudation, keratosis and other damage. More itching obvious. Asymmetry in the early stage of skin rash.

Should pay attention to keep the skin clean, dry, coupled with local talcum powder. Note washing, as much as possible the timely replacement underwear, underwear, shoes and socks. Disease detection and timely treatment, so as not to expand, spread, treatment may be topical.